In its strictest sense, to speak of printing press refers to a mechanical medium, designed for the reproduction of texts and images. Firstly on paper, cardboard, cloth and even other materials, in its oldest and most classic version.
It consists of the application of an ink, almost always of an oily nature, on metallic pieces also called ”types”. These are the key to the work of this machine that marked a before and after in different aspects of medieval and modern society.
The beginnings of printing press
The printing press was initially crafted by hand. However, over the centuries, it underwent a significant transformation. Becoming the unequivocal catalyst for the mass production of written communication.
Its inception in 1400 marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of various printing and reproduction methods. Including flexography, screen printing, intaglio, phototypesetting, lithography, offset printing, and digital cutting technology.
Johannes Gutenberg, a German goldsmith, is credited with creating the first printing press. Although some argue that there were earlier attempts in China and the ancient Roman Empire, it was Gutenberg who perfected the technique.
Regardless of historical debates, Gutenberg’s contribution remains undeniable. Although others may have initiated small-scale printing endeavors, it was Gutenberg’s machine that fundamentally transformed the interpretation of written texts, securing his irreplaceable place in history.
¿Who invented the printing press?
The Early Life of Gutenberg
In this particular case, we present some facts about this genius. Before changing the course of his life, he worked as a goldsmith, making gold and other precious metals, and was director of the mint of his city.
Historical records indicate that the renowned creator was born between 1394 and 1399. It was within his family and his native land where he was introduced to the art of handling precious metals and casting punches, which were widely used at the time. His work in crafting such items likely inspired him to attempt creating a device for minting other materials, eventually leading to his groundbreaking invention.
Associations and Contract with Associates
Subsequently, he formed associations with two wealthy citizens of the time, Hans Riffe and Andreas Heilmann. Who were engaged in gem carving and mirror polishing, skills he imparted to them in exchange for payment.
Later, he was discovered by his associates, who expressed interest in participating in his mysterious work. Gutenberg agreed to share information in exchange for money and signed a contract in 1438, stipulating that the newcomers would pay him 125 florins.
Following the sudden death of some associates, their heirs sought a portion of the profits from the mysterious business. Witnesses testified that work was conducted day and night in Gutenberg’s workshops, fueling suspicions and curiosity among observers.
Establishment of the Printing Press and Business Dynamics
As we delve deeper into the creation of the printing press, we gain a better understanding of the importance of Gutenberg’s works in Strasbourg. Each attempt preceding his ultimate success was meticulously researched and executed, demonstrating his perseverance and determination to achieve his goals.
Gutenberg remained in Strasbourg at least until 1444, as evidenced by his presence in the population census, aimed at defending the city against attacks.
Later, he resurfaced in his hometown, seeking financial support through moneylenders. Despite not being renowned for his financial acumen, Gutenberg’s reputation as a printer had grown significantly, leading him to secure funding from a wealthy bourgeois named Johann Fust.
With Fust’s investment, Gutenberg established the first printing press in the modern sense, with the invaluable collaboration of a talented calligrapher trained in Paris.
The business thrived, leading to an increase in daily orders. However, tensions arose between Gutenberg and Fust due to differences in work pace preferences. Gutenberg prioritized perfection over quantity, leading to disagreements between the partners.
The Bible, the masterpiece of the printing press
In 1455, historians believe a tireless researcher completed printing’s pivotal work. Named the ”42 lines,” it denoted a technique, not actual line count, condensing 1280 pages.
This endeavor was far from simple; it required the creation of almost five million types, resulting in 120 copies printed on paper and 20 on parchment. Today, 33 copies on paper and 13 on parchment are preserved as invaluable treasures.
Despite his turbulent personal life, he was an advanced and perseverant character, ahead of his time, and an irreplaceable historical figure.
After enduring numerous economic setbacks, including betrayal by his associates, he found refuge in a monastery. There, he received selfless help from the archbishop of his city, who provided material for a small workshop, exempted him from taxes, and granted him an annual pension consisting of clothing, grain, and wine.
Johannes Gutenberg died on February 3, 1467. According to a Franciscan monk’s testimony, he was buried in his hometown’s local church, which was later destroyed by artillery fire almost two centuries later, along with his tomb.
Gutenberg’s name and legacy remain significant, shaping modern society profoundly. Despite detractors, his creation evolved, adapting to social and technological changes. Manual processes diminished over centuries, with automation enabling endless reproduction of texts and images. Offset printing and digital techniques propelled the industry’s advancement.
Evolution of Printing Technologies
The printer in a matter of years was developed, with successors of its creator devising new ways to use it, making it simpler, faster, and more productive. Factors such as the incorporation of electricity significantly influenced the modernization of the printing process. Diversification in materials designed for printing, including cardboard and plasticized papers (vinyl), as well as various fabrics, was also influenced by technological advancements. These developments have elevated printing into a prosperous and diverse industry, benefiting professions such as graphic design, marketing, and advertising.
Digital Printing: Modern Techniques and Advantages
Digital printing offers users satisfactory results by directly obtaining images and texts from a computer or the internet. This technique, characterized by its simplicity and efficiency, transfers images using inkjet, toner, or laser printers. It provides numerous advantages, including immediate file access, no drying or cooling time requirements, and cost-effectiveness. Personalization of articles is possible, making it a highly versatile option for various printing needs.
Technical Specifications and Features
Printers designed for digital printing work by expelling drops of ink onto the designated surface, with durability and resolution surpassing competitors. The ink is emitted through nozzles located in the print head, which moves horizontally and vertically across the page. Replaceable cartridges containing ink facilitate the printing process, with models typically using separate cartridges for black and color ink. These machines are known for their ease of operation, resource efficiency, and continuous printing capability without delays.
Offset Printing: Precision and Efficiency
Offset printing, is another method of printing on paper. Originating from English and American developments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Unlike digital printing, it involves applying oily ink onto a metal plate, typically made of aluminum alloy.
This method is commonly used for high-precision printing. It employs a process akin to lithography, transferring images onto surfaces through a roller and blanket. The roller’s ink impregnation capability, even on rough surfaces, enhances efficiency and quality, making it ideal for diverse printing needs.
Offering among others, the following advantages:
- Very fast and simple processes in the preparation of the material. This added to the low price of the plate making the production system very economical.
- Ideal for medium and large runs, including a wide range of formats.
- One hundred percent guaranteed as to the resemblance to the initial idea. This method guarantees that it will resemble the initial idea in its entirety.
The print shop in its online version
The twentieth century brought a new era of marketing for companies, products, and services, offering convenience to users. Today, visiting a business’s headquarters for services is optional, as transactions can be completed online, from office computers or mobile devices, with a simple click.
The printing press has adapted to this digital age, offering online access to its products and services. This online version of the printing company provides detailed information, including photographs, descriptions, prices, and payment methods. It also offers advice to users seeking specific products for professional, corporate, or personal purposes.
This shift in the printing industry allows for time and cost savings, as well as the convenience of home delivery while ensuring product quality and integrity.
The museum of printing, living history of graphic art in Europe
The Valencian Community has a complete collection. Which houses the oldest printing machine in modern history (a replica). Along with the most modern and cutting-edge printing equipment.
Located in the town of Piug and housed within the Monastery’s premises, ”El Museo de la Imprenta” stands as the epitome of historical and cultural significance. It encapsulates various facets of modern letter history, starting from 1440 with the invention of the first printing press.
Within its premises, visitors can embark on a comprehensive journey through the art of writing and printing. Exploring the evolution of public and private texts since ancient times.
